Caring for Your Echinacea

With its season-long colorful display of daisy-like flowers, Echinacea is the perfect perennial for sunny locations. The striking, colorful, and fragrant flowers have a prominent central cone held high on sturdy stems. Recent breeding efforts have resulted in an ever expanding range of flower colors, blooming characteristics, and plant habits. They produce masses of eye-catching blossoms in the mid-summer that last through the remainder of the growing season. Today’s cultivars produce a wide range of flower colorations consisting of various hues of magenta, orange, pink, purple, white, and yellow. There are also numerous flower types available including single, double, quilled, or cultivars with bi-color blooms or petals that changes color over time. Breeding breakthroughs will surely continue the demand for these very popular garden perennials.

Plant Info

Common name

Coneflower

History behind the name

The genus Echinacea was named after the Greek word echinos which means hedgehog or sea urchin and refers to the prickly, spiky central cone of the flower.

USDA Hardiness Zones

Coneflowers are generally hardy throughout Zones 4 to 9. However, several cultivars are hardy to Zone 3 and some of them can survive the heat of Zone 10.

AHS Heat Zones

9 to 1

Growth Habit

The plant height when blooming varies widely by the cultivar and ranges from 12 to 40 inches with most varieties reaching 24 to 36 inches tall. At maturity, this upright, clump forming perennial reaches 12 to 24 inches wide.

Preferred Conditions

Echinacea prefers to be planted in locations with moderately fertile, well-drained soils. They do not perform well in locations with poor drainage or soils that remain constantly damp. Provide ample water during the first year after transplanting. Once Echinacea are established (2-3 years) they are quite drought resistant. Coneflowers prefer to be planted in full sun, but also grow well under partial shade. When they are grown in a shadier location they will not grow as vigorously and fewer flowers will be produced.

Maintenance

These exciting perennials are easy to grow and generally require few maintenance activities. Deadheading the spent flowers will promote additional blooming, but will not produce as spectacular flower display as the initial flush of blooms. Taller cultivars may need additional support from cages to prevent the flower spikes from lodging. Pinching them back in the late spring and not providing excessive nutrients will often eliminate the need for caging.

Pests and Diseases

Some of the most common insect pests that may be observed feeding on Echinacea include aphids, caterpillars, grasshoppers, Japanese beetles, leafhoppers, and whiteflies. Most of these pests, under normal circumstances, do not cause significant injury to them with the exception of leafhoppers. Leafhoppers transmit a disease called Aster yellows which often causes the plant to appear abnormal (most notably the flowers often remain green and become distorted). Besides Aster yellows, Echinacea are also susceptible to powder mildew and root rot diseases.

Uses in the Garden

Coneflowers are commonly used as accent plants or in mixed borders, open woodlands, and mass plantings. Coneflowers are also deer resistant.

Other Uses and Attributes

This native of the eastern and central United States is widely used as an aromatic border plant to attract butterflies and birds in to the gardens. They are commonly used as cut flowers or in dried floral arrangements. When Echinacea are not cut back in the fall, the seed heads will provide added winter interest to the often barren landscape and provide a source of food for songbirds.

Companion Plants

Echinacea combine nicely with other coneflowers and numerous sun loving perennials such as Coreopsis, Gaillardia, Hemerocallis, ornamental grasses, Nepeta, Perovskia, Rudbeckia, Salvia, and Sedum.

Additional Information

For information about caring for your perennials once they arrive and other general perennial information, see our Perennial Care Section.

Plant Info

Common name:

Coneflower

History behind the name:

The genus Echinacea was named after the Greek word echinos which means hedgehog or sea urchin and refers to the prickly, spiky central cone of the flower.

USDA Hardiness Zones:

Coneflowers are generally hardy throughout Zones 4 to 9. However, several cultivars are hardy to Zone 3 and some of them can survive the heat of Zone 10.

AHS Heat Zones:

9 to 1

Growth Habit:

The plant height when blooming varies widely by the cultivar and ranges from 12 to 40 inches with most varieties reaching 24 to 36 inches tall. At maturity, this upright, clump forming perennial reaches 12 to 24 inches wide.

Preferred Conditions:

Echinacea prefers to be planted in locations with moderately fertile, well-drained soils. They do not perform well in locations with poor drainage or soils that remain constantly damp. Provide ample water during the first year after transplanting. Once Echinacea are established (2-3 years) they are quite drought resistant. Coneflowers prefer to be planted in full sun, but also grow well under partial shade. When they are grown in a shadier location they will not grow as vigorously and fewer flowers will be produced.

Maintenance:

These exciting perennials are easy to grow and generally require few maintenance activities. Deadheading the spent flowers will promote additional blooming, but will not produce as spectacular flower display as the initial flush of blooms. Taller cultivars may need additional support from cages to prevent the flower spikes from lodging. Pinching them back in the late spring and not providing excessive nutrients will often eliminate the need for caging.

Pests and Diseases:

Some of the most common insect pests that may be observed feeding on Echinacea include aphids, caterpillars, grasshoppers, Japanese beetles, leafhoppers, and whiteflies. Most of these pests, under normal circumstances, do not cause significant injury to them with the exception of leafhoppers. Leafhoppers transmit a disease called Aster yellows which often causes the plant to appear abnormal (most notably the flowers often remain green and become distorted). Besides Aster yellows, Echinacea are also susceptible to powder mildew and root rot diseases.

Uses in the Garden:

Coneflowers are commonly used as accent plants or in mixed borders, open woodlands, and mass plantings. Coneflowers are also deer resistant.

Other Uses and Attributes:

This native of the eastern and central United States is widely used as an aromatic border plant to attract butterflies and birds in to the gardens. They are commonly used as cut flowers or in dried floral arrangements. When Echinacea are not cut back in the fall, the seed heads will provide added winter interest to the often barren landscape and provide a source of food for songbirds.

Companion Plants:

Echinacea combine nicely with other coneflowers and numerous sun loving perennials such as Coreopsis, Gaillardia, Hemerocallis, ornamental grasses, Nepeta, Perovskia, Rudbeckia, Salvia, and Sedum.

Additional Information:

For information about caring for your perennials once they arrive and other general perennial information, see our Perennial Care Section.

Written by Paul Pilon: Perennial Solutions Consulting

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